Whilst AMH is most commonly associated with fertility, it is also used in women with suspected premature ovarian insufficiency before a diagnosis is confirmed.

Measuring AMH alone may be misleading as high levels occur in conditions like polycystic ovarian syndrome. Here the presence of a large number of small follicles can elevate the serum AMH 2-5 fold higher than the age-specific ranges. Therefore AMH levels should be considered in conjunction with a transvaginal scan of the ovaries to assess ovarian volume and to estimate antral follicle count.

AMH is sometimes used as a tumour marker in the surveillance of granulosa cell ovarian tumours.