Physiological transient causes of increased Prolactin can occur after exercise, high-protein meals, minor surgical procedures, in pregnancy and breastfeeding, following epileptic seizures, hypoglycaemia, or due to physical or emotional stress. Conditions such as renal failure, primary hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, and polycystic ovary syndrome have been implicated in causing elevated serum prolactin concentrations.

Levels > 5000mIU/L indicate a true prolactinoma and warrant further investigation with imaging, especially if visual field defects are present. Prolactin is useful in tumour surveillance for any progression and to assess response to treatment.

Common medications that cause hyperprolactin include the COCP, phenothiazines, metoclopramide, antipsychotics, tricyclic antidepressants.

Low levels indicate hypo function of the pituitary gland.

Useful Link:

https://www.hse.ie/eng/about/who/cspd/ncps/pathology/resources/lab-testing-for-hyperprolactinaemia.pdf

Please contact us for more information on the reference ranges used at Enfer Medical.